Aprepitant
Uses of Aprepitant
The primary use of Aprepitant is in preventing nausea and vomiting related to cancer chemotherapy treatments. It falls under neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonists.
Apart from this, Aprepitant is also used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. It should be noted that this medication is not meant to manage established nausea and vomiting.
Side effects of Aprepitant
Fatigue
Diarrhoea
Nausea
Constipation
Loss of appetite
How Aprepitant works
Aprepitant is a neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist.
It works by selectively blocking the action of substance P, a neurotransmitter in our brain. Substance P activates NK1 receptors, which play a key role in inducing feelings of nausea and vomiting, especially in response to chemotherapy. Aprepitant has little or no affinity for serotonin (5-HT3), dopamine, and corticosteroid receptors. These are the targets of existing therapies for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Therefore, Aprepitant offers a different approach to managing these unpleasant symptoms. By blocking these NK1 receptors, Aprepitant helps to reduce the likelihood and severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Aprepitant can be taken orally (capsules or single-dose oral suspension packets) and intravenously (injectable emulsion).
Age and Dose Restrictions
The medicine is meant for adults and children older than 12 years of age.
Contraindications
This medicine is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to Aprepitant. This medicine should not be used by patients taking pimozide due to the risk of significantly increased plasma concentrations of pimozide and the potential for serious or life-threatening reactions.
Other Medications to Avoid
Aprepitant may interact with benzodiazepines (e.g., midazolam), antifungals (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole), and antibiotics (e.g., rifampin).
Overdose and Missed Dose
Overdosing on Aprepitant may lead to symptoms such as headache, heartburn, loss of appetite, and dry mouth. If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical attention.
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and return to your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Small, frequent meals can help manage loss of appetite.
Resting and avoiding vigorous physical activity can help manage fatigue.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Aprepitant may cause drowsiness or dizziness. If you experience these side effects, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Caution is advised before using this medicine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with severe hepatic impairment should avoid using Aprepitant.
Caution is advised when using Aprepitant in combination with other medications metabolised through CYP3A4.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Drink plenty of fluids.
Always consult your doctor before starting, stopping, or changing the medication regimen.
Frequently asked questions
Is Aprepitant a steroid?
No, Aprepitant is not a steroid. It is an antiemetic medication used for preventing nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and postoperative complications.
Does Aprepitant have any effect on sleep?
Aprepitant is not known to impact sleep. However, some side effects, like fatigue, might indirectly influence sleep patterns.
Will Aprepitant affect fertility?
Aprepitant is not known to affect your fertility. However, it can interfere with hormonal contraceptives, reducing their effectiveness, so alternative or backup methods of contraception are recommended during treatment with Aprepitant.
Is it safe to take Aprepitant daily?
Aprepitant should be taken according to the dosage regimen recommended by your doctor, typically before chemotherapy sessions and for a few days afterwards. It is not intended for long-term daily use.
How much time does Aprepitant take to work?
Aprepitant starts working soon after administration, but the exact time can vary depending on individual factors. It is typically taken 1 hour before chemotherapy to prevent nausea and vomiting.
What is the best time to take Aprepitant?
The best time to take Aprepitant depends on when you are having your chemotherapy session, as it needs to be taken 1 hour prior to the therapy.
Can I stop taking Aprepitant if I feel better?
No, you should not stop taking Aprepitant unless advised by your doctor. Doing so may lead to a return of symptoms or worsening your condition.
Aprepitant in other salts
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