Pentoxifylline
Uses of Pentoxifylline
Pentoxifylline is primarily used for the management of intermittent claudication due to chronic occlusive arterial disease of the limbs. It belongs to the class of hemorrheologic agents.
It can help improve muscle aching, pain and cramps during exercise that occur with intermittent claudication by increasing blood flow to the affected microcirculation and enhancing tissue oxygenation.
Side effects of Pentoxifylline
Gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea and vomiting
Dyspepsia (indigestion)
Belching
Dizziness
Headaches
How Pentoxifylline works
Pentoxifylline is a xanthine derivative, specifically falling into the class of hemorrheologic agents.
It works by thinning the blood, making it easier for red and white blood cells to flow through small vessels. This improves blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues, especially benefiting those with peripheral artery disease.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Pentoxifylline is available for oral use in the form of extended-release tablets.
In addition, It is available in immediate-release tablets, oral liquid, and injectable forms.
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is intended for use in adults only.
Contraindications
Pentoxifylline is contraindicated in patients with recent cerebral and/or retinal haemorrhage.
It should not be used by those who have previously shown intolerance to Pentoxifylline or other methylxanthines such as caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.
Other Medications to Avoid
Pentoxifylline may interact with NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen and naproxen), anticoagulants (such as warfarin and heparin), and antiplatelet agents (such as aspirin and clopidogrel).
Before starting any prescription or over-the-counter medications, it is crucial to consult a doctor, as using these medicines alongside Pentoxifylline may not be recommended.
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Pentoxifylline may cause symptoms such as flushing, fever, hypotension, drowsiness, agitation, seizures, arrhythmias, and vomiting. If you observe any of these symptoms, inform your doctor immediately.
If you forget to take a dose of Pentoxifylline, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double up on doses.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects of Pentoxifylline are temporary and generally harmless, resolving upon discontinuation of this medicine. However, if you experience severe side effects or worsening of symptoms, consult your doctor.
Drinking plenty of fluids can help manage gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea and vomiting.
Resting in a quiet, dark room may help with dizziness and headache.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Pentoxifylline may cause dizziness or headaches. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery if you experience these side effects.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Pentoxifylline is categorized as pregnancy category C. It should only be used in pregnancy or lactation if clearly needed. Always consult your doctor before using this medicine during these periods.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with renal or hepatic impairment should exercise caution when taking Pentoxifylline as the levels of the medication and its metabolites may be increased in these conditions.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Regularly engaging in physical activities, like walking, can improve blood circulation, which is beneficial for those with peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication.
Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats can contribute to overall cardiovascular health.
Avoid smoking or use of other tobacco products as they can worsen symptoms of peripheral artery disease.
Frequently asked questions
Does Pentoxifylline help with muscle aches and cramps?
Yes, Pentoxifylline is indicated for the management of muscle aching, pain and cramps that occur during exercise due to intermittent claudication. It works by improving blood flow to the affected microcirculation and enhancing tissue oxygenation.
Can Pentoxifylline be used instead of surgical treatments?
Pentoxifylline is not a substitute for surgical treatments but can be used as part of a management plan for conditions like peripheral artery disease to improve blood flow and reduce symptoms. Always consult yor doctor to determine the best treatment approach for your condition.
Can Pentoxifylline cause dizziness or headache?
Yes, some individuals taking Pentoxifylline may experience dizziness and headache. These are among the common side effects associated with this medication.
What precautions should I take when using Pentoxifylline with antihypertensive medications?
If you are on concomitant antihypertensive medications, your blood pressure should be monitored while taking Pentoxifylline as it could theoretically enhance the effects of antihypertensive medications.
Are there any known food interactions with Pentoxifylline?
There are no specific known food interactions with Pentoxifylline. However, it is recommended to be taken orally three times daily with meals for optimum absorption.
How long does it take for Pentoxifylline to show improvement in symptoms?
Improvement in symptoms may be seen in 2-4 weeks of starting Pentoxifylline therapy, but 8 weeks of treatment may be needed for full effect.
Is it safe to take Pentoxifylline during pregnancy or while nursing?
Pentoxifylline is a pregnancy category C medication. It should only be used if clearly needed. It is also excreted in breast milk, so a decision should be made to discontinue nursing or discontinue the medication, considering the importance of the medicine to the mother.
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