Levonorgestrel
Uses of Levonorgestrel
The primary use of Levonorgestrel is for emergency contraception. It belongs to the group of hormonal contraceptives known as progestins.
Other uses of this medication include preventing pregnancy in the form of birth control pills and intrauterine devices (IUDs), managing heavy menstrual bleeding, alleviating endometriosis-associated pain, and as a part of menopausal hormone therapy.
Side effects of Levonorgestrel
Nausea and vomiting
Headache and dizziness
Breast tenderness
Abdominal pain
Irregular menstrual bleeding or spotting
How Levonorgestrel works
Levonorgestrel is a synthetic progestin, a type of hormone.
As an emergency contraceptive, it works primarily by either hindering or delaying ovulation - the process where the ovary releases an egg. It also thickens the mucus in the cervix, which aids in blocking sperm from reaching the egg, and alters the lining of the uterus to prevent an already fertilized egg from attaching itself. In regular birth control pills, Levonorgestrel works together with estrogen to suppress ovulation and hence prevent pregnancy. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) that contain Levonorgestrel release it slowly into the uterus, causing the uterine lining to become thin and mucus in the cervix to thicken. This prevents sperm from reaching any egg that might have been released.
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Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Levonorgestrel can be taken orally (a single-dose tablet). Levonorgestrel can also be taken orally in combination with estrogen (tablets).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is generally advised for adult women and adolescent girls who have started menstruating.
Contraindications
This medication should not be used by individuals who have known allergies to Levonorgestrel or any other component of this medication. It is also contraindicated in cases of liver disease or liver tumours, breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive cancers, history of blood clots, stroke, or heart attack.
Other Medications to Avoid
Levonorgestrel can interact with certain antibiotics (such as rifampin), antifungals (like griseofulvin), anti-seizure medicines (including phenytoin, carbamazepine), and HIV medicines (like efavirenz, nevirapine).
Overdose and Missed Dose
Overdosing on Levonorgestrel can present as nausea, vomiting, and vaginal bleeding among other symptoms. If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical attention.
If you miss a dose of your regular contraceptive pill containing Levonorgestrel, take it as soon as you remember. However, for emergency contraceptive pills, the sooner they are taken after unprotected intercourse, the more effective they are.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
If you experience nausea after taking the medication, try taking it with food.
Staying hydrated can help manage headaches.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Levonorgestrel may cause dizziness or drowsiness. If you experience these symptoms, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Levonorgestrel is not recommended during pregnancy as it can prevent a fertilized egg from getting implanted. This medicine can be taken while lactating, always consult a doctor before starting any medicine.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with liver disease or liver tumours should exercise caution when taking Levonorgestrel. Women with a history of heart disease, blood clots or stroke should also use this medication with caution.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Regular health check-ups including gynaecological examinations are recommended for those using Levonorgestrel as a long-term contraceptive.
Frequently asked questions
Does Levonorgestrel affect mood or cause mood changes?
Regular use of Levonorgestrel might lead to mood changes or cause anxiety and depressed mood in some women. If you notice any such changes, please consult your doctor.
Can Levonorgestrel cause acne or oily skin?
In some women, regular use of Levonorgestrel might result in acne and oily skin. It is important to discuss these potential side effects with your doctor.
Can I take Levonorgestrel without consulting a doctor?
No, it is important to consult your doctor before starting any new medication, including Levonorgestrel. Your doctor will provide precise instructions based on your health condition and needs.
Can taking Levonorgestrel lead to weight gain?
Some women may experience weight gain while using Levonorgestrel regularly in birth control pills or intrauterine devices (IUDs). If you are concerned about potential weight gain, consult with your doctor.
Can Levonorgestrel be used for managing heavy menstrual bleeding?
Yes, one of the uses of Levonorgestrel can be to manage heavy menstrual bleeding. However, it is recommended to consult your doctor for proper guidance.
Are there any natural alternatives to Levonorgestrel?
There are no known natural alternatives that offer the same level of contraceptive protection as Levonorgestrel. Always consult your doctor before starting any alternate treatments.
Is Levonorgestrel available over the counter, or do I need a prescription?
Levonorgestrel is typically available over the counter in the form of emergency contraceptive pills. However, other formulations such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) and certain birth control pills may require a prescription.
Levonorgestrel in other salts
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