Ketoconazole
ANTIFUNGALUses of Ketoconazole
- Ketoconazole is primarily used to treat systemic fungal infections.
- It is commonly prescribed for conditions like athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and yeast infections, including those affecting the skin, scalp, and nails.
- In some cases, ketoconazole is also used to treat more severe fungal infections that affect the body internally.
- Additionally, it can be found in shampoos formulated to manage dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
Side effects of Ketoconazole
The side effects of Ketoconazole are:
- Irritation, redness and dryness at site of application
- Pruritus, rash
- Nausea
- Headache
- Diarrhoea
- Stomach pain
- Liver dysfunction
How Ketoconazole works
- Ketoconazole is an Antifungal.
- Ketoconazole works by inhibiting the growth of fungi, which are responsible for various infections.
- It targets the fungal cell membrane by blocking the enzyme called 14α-demethylase. This enzyme is essential for the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of the fungal cell membrane.
- Without ergosterol, the cell membrane becomes weakened, leading to the leakage of essential cellular components, ultimately killing the fungus and preventing the infection from spreading.
- This mechanism makes ketoconazole effective in treating a wide range of fungal infections.
Certified content
Written By
B. Pharm
Reviewed By
B. Pharm, MSc.
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
- Ketoconazole is available for use via oral (tablets) and topical (cream, foams, and shampoo.
Age and Dose Restrictions
- Ketoconazole can be used in adults and children over 12 years of age.
Overdose and Missed Dose
- If you forget to take a dose of Ketoconazole, take it as soon as you recollect. However, if the next dose is approaching, skip the missed one and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
Other Medications To Avoid With This Medicine
- The simultaneous use of ketoconazole with specific drugs, including dofetilide, quinidine, pimozide, cisapride, methadone, disopyramide, dronedarone, and ranolazine, is strictly contraindicated. Ketoconazole can potentially increase the blood levels of these medications. It may extend QT intervals, leading to severe ventricular rhythm disturbances like torsades de pointes, posing life-threatening risks.
Contraindications
- Ketoconazole is contraindicated for use in patients with liver impairment and QT prolongation (arrhythmias). PREGNANCY, BREASTFEEDING, Hypersensitivity to ketoconazole or any other imidazole.
Special Dietary & Lifestyle Recommendation
- Always wash your hands after applying ketoconazole cream to the infected area to prevent the spread of infection. Resist the urge to scratch the affected area, which can exacerbate the condition.
- Keep the affected skin areas clean and dry, and avoid sharing personal items like towels, bedsheets, or combs with others to prevent the spreading of the infection. Regularly washing towels and bedding is recommended.
Frequently asked questions
How long does ketoconazole take to work?
The effectiveness of ketoconazole may vary depending on the type and severity of the fungal infection, but improvement is usually seen within a few days to weeks.
What do I do if the infection comes back after treatment?
If ketoconazole does not work or the infection returns after treatment, consult your doctor for alternative treatments or further evaluation.
Is Ketoconazole safe for patients with kidney problems?
Ketoconazole is typically considered safe for patients with kidney problems, but discussing your medical history and current medications with your doctor is essential.
Can I drink alcohol?
Alcohol should be avoided while taking Ketoconazole.
Is there any food or drink I need to avoid?
There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with ketoconazole. It's generally safe to continue your regular diet while using this medication.
Will it affect my fertility?
Ketoconazole is not expected to affect fertility.
Will ketoconazole affect my contraception?
Yes, Ketoconazole can interfere with hormonal contraceptives like Oral contraceptive pills and reduce their efficacy. Consult your doctor regarding alternate methods of contraception while on ketoconazole.
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