Exenatide
Uses of Exenatide
Exenatide is primarily used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It belongs to a class of medicines known as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists.
Secondary uses include weight management, as the medicine promotes feelings of fullness which can lead to reduced food intake and possible weight loss.
Side effects of Exenatide
Common side effects of Exenatide may include:
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Decreased appetite
Injection site reactions such as itching, redness, or swelling
How Exenatide works
Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist.
It works by imitating the natural hormone GLP-1, which is produced in the gut. It stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas when there are high blood sugar levels, helping to control these levels. Additionally, Exenatide suppresses the release of glucagon, a hormone that increases blood sugar levels. It also slows down the emptying of the stomach and creates feelings of being full. This can lead to lower food intake and weight loss.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Exenatide is available for use via the subcutaneous route in the form of immediate-release injections and extended-release injectable suspensions.
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is meant for use in adults only.
Contraindications
Exenatide is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of its components, personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2, and end-stage renal disease or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min)
Other Medications to Avoid
Exenatide can interact with blood glucose-lowering medications (such as insulin, glipizide), blood pressure lowering medications (such as lisinopril, metoprolol), and gastrointestinal medications (such as antacids, omeprazole). It may also interact with antibiotics (such as ciprofloxacin, tetracycline).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Exenatide may lead to severe nausea, vomiting, and potentially life-threatening pancreatitis. If you suspect an overdose, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention.
If you miss a dose of Exenatide, administer it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not administer two doses at the same time to make up for a missed dose.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
For nausea or decreased appetite, consider adjusting the timing of administration to coincide with meals.
For minor injection site reactions such as itching or redness, rotating the injection site may help alleviate these issues.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Exenatide may cause dizziness or headache. It is advisable to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how this medicine affects you.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
The safety of Exenatide during pregnancy and lactation has not been established. It is recommended to use this medicine during pregnancy and breastfeeding only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
Always consult your doctor before using this medicine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with a history of pancreatitis or moderate renal impairment should exercise caution when using Exenatide.
Regular monitoring for symptoms of pancreatitis is advised for all patients.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Follow a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to manage type 2 diabetes effectively.
Regular physical activity can help improve blood glucose control. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, such as brisk walking.
Monitor blood glucose levels regularly as advised by your doctor to adjust diet, exercise, and medication effectively.
Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day, which can help manage blood sugar levels and reduce side effects like nausea.
Limit intake of processed foods and sugars that can cause spikes in blood glucose levels.
Consider consulting a dietician for personalised advice on dietary management of type 2 diabetes.
Frequently asked questions
Is Exenatide a type of insulin?
No, Exenatide is not a type of insulin. It is a type of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Though it helps to control blood sugar levels, it does this in a different way to insulin.
Does taking Exenatide mean I no longer need to diet or exercise?
While Exenatide helps in the management of blood sugar levels, it is not a substitute for a proper diet and exercise routine. It is important to maintain a balanced diet and regular physical activity alongside taking this medication for optimal blood sugar control.
Can Exenatide cause weight gain?
Exenatide does not usually cause weight gain as a side effect. In fact, it may help with weight loss as it slows gastric emptying and promotes feelings of fullness.
Can I stop taking Exenatide once my blood sugar levels are under control?
The decision to stop or continue taking Exenatide should always be made in consultation with your doctor. Abruptly stopping any medication can have consequences and it is best to discuss these with your doctor first.
What is the best time to take Exenatide?
Exenatide should be taken before meals, typically within 60 minutes before your morning and evening meals, as directed by your doctor.
Can I use Exenatide if I have kidney disease?
If you have severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease, Exenatide may not be suitable for you. Always consult your doctor if you have any form of kidney disease before starting this medication.
Is Exenatide available over the counter, or do I need a prescription?
Generally, Exenatide is not available over the counter and requires a prescription from your doctor.
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