Erythropoietin
Uses of Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin is primarily used to manage anaemia linked with chronic kidney disease. It belongs to a class of medicines called haematopoietic agents.
In addition, it is also used to manage anaemia associated with zidovudine therapy in HIV-infected patients and anaemia in cancer patients on chemotherapy. Furthermore, it helps in reducing the need for allogeneic blood transfusion in patients undergoing high-risk surgeries.
Side effects of Erythropoietin
Hypertension
Joint pain (arthralgia)
Muscle spasms
Fever (pyrexia)
Dizziness
How Erythropoietin works
Erythropoietin is a type of glycoprotein hormone.
It works by binding to specific receptors on the surface of immature red blood cells in your bone marrow. This encourages these cells to mature and multiply, increasing the number of red blood cells in your body over time.
This increase in red blood cells leads to a higher level of haemoglobin, the molecule that carries oxygen in the blood. This results in an improvement in the symptoms of anaemia, as more oxygen can be delivered to your body's tissues.
Erythropoietin is especially useful when your body cannot produce enough natural erythropoietin. This might be due to conditions such as chronic kidney disease or when receiving certain treatments like chemotherapy or zidovudine for HIV.
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Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
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Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Erythropoietin can be taken intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC)(injection).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine can be used in adults and paediatric patients when prescribed.
Contraindications
This medicine is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
It is contraindicated in patients with pure red cell aplasia that begins after treatment with Erythropoietin or other Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.
Patients with known hypersensitivity to mammalian cell-derived products or human albumin should not use this medicine.
Other Medications to Avoid
This medicine may interact with hormonal contraceptives (such as ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel), anticoagulants (including warfarin and heparin), and antiplatelet agents (such as aspirin and clopidogrel).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of this medicine may lead to dangerously high levels of haemoglobin which can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular issues. If an overdose is suspected, immediate medical attention is necessary.
If you miss a dose of this medication, administer it as soon as you remember. However, if it is nearly time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose to avoid doubling up.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
If experiencing mild dizziness or headaches, consider resting in a quiet, dark room.
Staying hydrated may help alleviate mild side effects like muscle spasms.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
This medication does not usually affect the ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or other impairing side effects while using it, avoid these activities.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Erythropoietin should be used during pregnancy only if needed and directed by a doctor.
Consult your doctor before using this medicine during lactation.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension should exercise caution when using this medicine due to the potential for increased blood pressure.
Caution is advised for patients with a history of thrombotic events as Erythropoietin may increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Maintaining adequate iron intake through diet or supplements is crucial since Erythropoietin can be less effective in treating anaemia if iron stores are low.
Foods rich in vitamin B12 and folic acid such as leafy greens, fruits, and lean meats are recommended to support red blood cell production.
Regular monitoring of blood pressure is recommended; consider reducing sodium intake to help manage hypertension.
Engage in light to moderate physical activity as tolerated unless advised otherwise by your doctor. This can help improve cardiovascular health which is important when managing conditions treated with Erythropoietin.
Frequently asked questions
Is Erythropoietin a hormone or a medication?
Erythropoietin is a hormone that is naturally produced in the body, mainly in the kidneys. However, in its medicinal form, it is manufactured as a medicine using recombinant DNA technology.
How does Erythropoietin affect physical performance?
Erythropoietin stimulates the production of more red blood cells, which helps increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. This can potentially enhance physical performance and endurance. Please note it should not be used without a doctor's prescription.
Can I use Erythropoietin to manage anaemia caused by other diseases?
Yes, apart from treating anaemia associated with kidney disease, chemotherapy and zidovudine therapy in HIV patients, Erythropoietin can also be used to manage anaemia resulting from other medical conditions, if prescribed by your doctor.
Does Erythropoietin interact with any specific types of food?
No specific food interactions with Erythropoietin have been documented. However, it's important to maintain good nutrition and stay well-hydrated while taking this medicine.
Can I take Erythropoietin without consulting a doctor?
No, Erythropoietin should only be used under the direct supervision of your doctor due to its serious side effects and potential for misuse.
How long does it take for Erythropoietin to start working?
Results will depend on individual conditions. Usually, after administration of Erythropoietin, an increase in reticulocyte count (young red blood cells) can be seen within 10 days, followed by rises in red blood cell count, haemoglobin, and haematocrit within 2-6 weeks.
Can I buy Erythropoietin over the counter?
No, Erythropoietin is not available over the counter. It requires a prescription from your doctor.
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