Dimethyl Fumarate
Uses of Dimethyl Fumarate
Dimethyl Fumarate is primarily used to manage relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. It falls into the category of immunomodulating agents, which help regulate the immune system's response.
There are no secondary uses for Dimethyl Fumarate as it is specifically targeted at managing multiple sclerosis.
Side effects of Dimethyl Fumarate
Flushing (redness, itching, or burning sensation)
Stomach problems like diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting
Rash
Protein (albumin) in urine
Increased liver enzymes
How Dimethyl Fumarate works
Dimethyl Fumarate is an immunomodulating agent with anti-inflammatory properties.
It works by activating the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which helps protect cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. This activation reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes cellular repair processes. By these means, it helps to reduce the damage caused by conditions like multiple sclerosis.
Certified content
Written By
Doctor of Medicine
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Dimethyl Fumarate is available as delayed-release capsules for oral administration.
Age and Dose Restrictions
Dimethyl Fumarate is prescribed for use in adult patients.
Contraindications
Dimethyl Fumarate is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Dimethyl Fumarate or any of its components.
Other Medications to Avoid
Dimethyl Fumarate may interact with immunosuppressants used to prevent organ transplant rejection (such as cyclosporine, tacrolimus), certain chemotherapy medicines for cancer (like methotrexate, cisplatin), and other multiple sclerosis medications (including natalizumab, fingolimod, teriflunomide).
Overdose and Missed Dose
Overdosing on Dimethyl Fumarate may result in increased susceptibility to the side effects of the medicine. If an overdose is suspected, it is advisable to seek immediate medical attention.
If a dose of Dimethyl Fumarate is missed, it should be taken as soon as it is remembered. However, if the time for the next scheduled dose is near, the missed dose should be skipped and regular dosing schedule continued. A double dose should not be taken to make up for a missed dose.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
Taking Dimethyl Fumarate with food may help reduce flushing and stomach problems.
Drinking plenty of water may help manage some digestive side effects like diarrhoea and nausea.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Dimethyl Fumarate, in some cases, may cause dizziness or fatigue. If such side effects are experienced, driving or operating heavy machinery should be avoided.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
It is suggested to consult a doctor before using Dimethyl Fumarate during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with low lymphocyte counts (lymphopenia) or serious infections should use Dimethyl Fumarate with caution.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Maintain a balanced diet that includes ample amounts of fruits, vegetables and lean proteins to support overall health.
Regular physical activity can help manage symptoms of multiple sclerosis. It is recommended to engage in moderate exercise like walking or swimming.
Adequate rest and sleep are crucial for managing fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis.
Stress management techniques like meditation or yoga may be beneficial. It's important to find ways to relax and cope with the stress associated with managing a chronic condition like multiple sclerosis.
Regular follow-up appointments with the doctor should be maintained for proper monitoring of the condition during the administration of Dimethyl Fumarate.
Frequently asked questions
Is Dimethyl Fumarate a steroid?
No, Dimethyl Fumarate is not a steroid. It belongs to the class of medications known as immunomodulating agents which help to regulate the immune system.
Can Dimethyl Fumarate affect my mood?
While the medicine's primary function is to manage multiple sclerosis, there is no direct evidence to suggest that Dimethyl Fumarate can impact mood. Any changes in mood or emotional well-being should be discussed with your doctor.
Does Dimethyl Fumarate interact with certain foods?
There is no specific food interaction associated with Dimethyl Fumarate. However, taking it with food may help reduce some side effects such as flushing and stomach problems.
Can Dimethyl Fumarate cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms?
No, Dimethyl Fumarate does not cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms. It is an immunomodulating agent and does not have addictive properties.
Can Dimethyl Fumarate affect menstruation?
There is no established evidence to suggest that Dimethyl Fumarate can affect menstruation. However, if you notice any changes in your menstrual cycle while on this medication, consult with your doctor.
What natural alternatives exist for managing multiple sclerosis?
There are no natural alternatives that can replace the effectiveness of medicines like Dimethyl Fumarate in managing multiple sclerosis. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and adequate rest can complement your medical treatment but cannot replace it.
Can the use of Dimethyl Fumarate cause allergies?
Yes, although rare, Dimethyl Fumarate can cause allergic reactions in some people. If you experience symptoms such as rash, itching, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, seek immediate medical attention.
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