Adrenaline
Uses of Adrenaline
The primary use of Adrenaline is in managing several emergency conditions such as anaphylaxis (severe allergic reactions), cardiac arrest, severe asthma attacks, and hypotension from septic shock. This hormone and medication belong to the group of adrenergic agonists.
Additionally, Adrenaline is used in local anaesthesia to decrease bleeding, enhance the anaesthetic effect, and prolong pain relief.
Side effects of Adrenaline
Palpitations
Anxiety and restlessness
Tremor
High blood sugar (hyperglycaemia)
Nausea and vomiting
How Adrenaline works
Adrenaline is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist. This medicine induces increased vascular smooth muscle contraction, pupillary dilator muscle contraction, and intestinal sphincter muscle contraction. It is also a hormone and a vital part of the human body's stress response system. Increases heart rate and heart muscle contractions, thereby boosting the performance of the heart.
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Written By
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Reviewed By
Doctor of Medicine
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Adrenaline is available as an injectable solution (intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV), and subcutaneous (SC) routes) and by inhalation (nebulised solution).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is meant for both adults and children of age above 12 years.
Contraindications
Adrenaline should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to it or its excipients.
It is contraindicated in individuals with narrow-angle glaucoma.
Other Medications to Avoid
Adrenaline can interact with beta-blockers (such as propranolol and metoprolol), alpha-blockers (such as prazosin and terazosin), tricyclic antidepressants (like amitriptyline and nortriptyline) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (such as selegiline and phenelzine).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Adrenaline can cause severe cardiovascular complications like high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, and even heart attack. If a person suspects an overdose, they should seek immediate medical attention.
If a dose of Adrenaline is missed, it should be administered as soon as possible. However, if it is nearly time for the next dose, the missed dose should be skipped.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
For side effects like anxiety or restlessness, it may be beneficial to administer the medication in a calm and comfortable environment.
If you experience nausea or vomiting, administering the medication with food may help.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
Adrenaline can cause temporary side effects such as dizziness and nervousness, which may affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. If you experience these side effects, avoid engaging in these activities until the effects subside.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Adrenaline can be used in pregnancy when the benefits outweigh the risks. It should only be used under direct medical supervision during pregnancy and lactation.
It is always advisable to consult a doctor before using this medicine during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Patients with existing cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, or hyperthyroidism should use Adrenaline with caution.
Elderly patients should also exercise caution while using this medication due to their increased susceptibility to side effects.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Ensure sufficient fluid intake to avoid dehydration which can exacerbate some of the side effects of Adrenaline like dizziness and nausea.
Practice stress management techniques such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, and yoga to help manage the stress response that can be triggered by Adrenaline.
Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains to support overall health.
Frequently asked questions
Is Adrenaline a steroid?
No, Adrenaline is not a steroid. It is a non-steroid hormone that's made of amino acids and is naturally produced by the adrenal glands.
Does Adrenaline have any effect on sleep?
Adrenaline increases alertness and can potentially cause restlessness and anxiety, which could interfere with sleep.
Will Adrenaline affect fertility?
Adrenaline is not directly associated with affecting fertility. However, it is always best to discuss any concerns with your doctor.
Is it safe to administer Adrenaline daily?
This depends on the individual's health condition and the reason for administering Adrenaline. It is recommended to use it as directed by your doctor.
How much time does Adrenaline take to work?
Adrenaline works rapidly once administered, often within minutes, depending on the route of administration.
What is the best time to take Adrenaline?
The timing for taking Adrenaline depends on the medical condition being managed. Always follow the instructions of your doctor regarding when to administer this medicine.
Is Adrenaline available over the counter, or do I need a prescription?
Adrenaline is typically used in emergency situations and usually requires a prescription from a doctor.
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