Acitretin
Uses of Acitretin
The primary use of Acitretin is to manage severe psoriasis in adults. This medicine is part of the retinoid class of medications.
Besides psoriasis, it may be used off-label for hard-to-treat skin conditions such as ichthyosis, Darier's disease, and lichen planus. It is generally prescribed when topical treatments and phototherapy have not proven effective.
Side effects of Acitretin
Dry, peeling, itchy skin
Dry nose and mouth
Headache
Joint and muscle pain
How Acitretin works
Acitretin is a retinoid, which is a category of medicine that functions similarly to vitamin A.
It operates by binding to specific receptors found within skin cells. This interaction normalises the rapid growth and keratinisation, which is the process of forming a protein called keratin that protects cells from damage or stress, typically seen in conditions like psoriasis. By moderating this excessive cell production, Acitretin helps to decrease the formation of thickened, scaly skin plaques indicative of psoriasis. Furthermore, Acitretin possesses anti-inflammatory properties, which assist in calming the skin and reducing inflammation often associated with severe skin disorders.
Certified content
Written By
BDS, MDS
Reviewed By
BMS, FMC, MD Resident
Expert Advice
Dosage Forms Available
Acitretin can be taken orally (capsules).
Age and Dose Restrictions
This medicine is meant only for adults above 18 years of age.
Contraindications
Acitretin is contraindicated in patients with severely impaired liver function and in those with chronically elevated blood lipid levels. It should not be used in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to retinoids or any component of the product.
Other Medications to Avoid
Acitretin may interact with vitamin A supplements (such as retinol and retinyl palmitate), tetracycline antibiotics (such as doxycycline and minocycline), antiepileptics (like phenytoin), and immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate).
Overdose and Missed Dose
An overdose of Acitretin may result in symptoms such as headache, vertigo, and vomiting. If you observe these symptoms, inform your doctor immediately.
If you forget to take this medicine, take it as soon as you remember. But if it's near the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up doses.
Management of Side Effects
Most side effects are temporary and generally harmless and resolve when discontinuing this medicine. However, if you experience any severe side effects or worsening of any of the symptoms, please consult your doctor.
For dry skin, use a hydrating moisturiser or lotion.
For dry mouth, increase your fluid intake or suck on sugarless hard candy.
For hair thinning, use mild shampoos and avoid harsh hair treatments.
Use in Driving and Operating Machinery
As Acitretin can cause dizziness and blurred vision, it may affect your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. Avoid these activities if you experience any of these side effects.
Use in Pregnancy and Lactation
Acitretin is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy due to the high risk of serious birth defects. It should also be avoided during breastfeeding. Consult your doctor before using this medicine if you are planning for pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Caution in Other Conditions
Acitretin should be used with caution in patients with diabetes, alcoholism, obesity, and lipid metabolism disorders.
It is also important to exercise caution in patients with a history of psychiatric disorders, as Acitretin may cause mood changes.
Special Dietary and Lifestyle Recommendations
Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is advised for diabetic patients.
Regularly monitor cholesterol levels and follow a low-cholesterol diet.
Apply sunscreen and wear protective clothing when going outdoors, as Acitretin may increase sensitivity to sunlight.
Frequently asked questions
Is Acitretin a steroid?
No, Acitretin is not a steroid. It is a retinoid medication that is chemically similar to vitamin A and is used to manage severe psoriasis and other skin conditions in adults.
Does Acitretin have any effect on sleep?
Acitretin is not known to affect your sleep. However, changes in mood, including depression, have been reported. If you notice any changes in your sleep patterns or mood while taking Acitretin, consult your doctor.
Will Acitretin affect fertility?
Acitretin is not known to impact fertility. However, it is essential to note that this medicine can cause severe birth defects and must be avoided during pregnancy.
Is it safe to take Acitretin daily?
Acitretin is usually taken daily, as prescribed by your doctor. The safety and effectiveness of this medicine will depend on your specific health condition and response to treatment.
How much time does Acitretin take to work?
Most people start seeing improvement in their psoriasis after 2-3 months of taking Acitretin. However, the full effect might take between 3-6 months.
What is the best time to take Acitretin?
Acitretin is typically taken with the main meal, as fat enhances its absorption. The exact timing should be determined by your doctor based on your specific medical conditions and treatment plan.
Can Acitretin cause weight gain?
Acitretin can indeed lead to weight gain in some patients. This side effect is noted among others, such as sudden swelling and fever, which may indicate a serious reaction to the medicine.
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