Genital Warts: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Medications

Genital warts symptoms, including itching and discomfort, are common signs of this sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Affecting both men and women, genital warts can be a source of concern and embarrassment. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatments is essential for effectively managing this condition.

What are Genital Warts?

Genital warts are small, rough lumps or cauliflower-like growths that appear in the genital area as a result of certain strains of HPV. While they may not always cause noticeable symptoms, some individuals experience pain or itching. It is important to recognise the signs and symptoms of genital warts to seek timely medical attention.

Symptoms of Genital Warts

Genital warts may not always cause apparent symptoms, but when they do, you may experience:

• Itching or discomfort in the genital area
• Small, skin-coloured, or differently coloured swellings
• Cauliflower-like appearance if multiple warts grow together
• Bleeding during sexual intercourse

Causes of Genital Warts

The primary cause of genital warts is certain strains of HPV, which can spread through:

• Skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity
• Sharing of sex toys
• Contact with genital secretions

Risk Factors of Genital Warts

Several factors can increase your risk of developing genital warts, such as:

• Not being vaccinated against HPV
• Engaging in sexual activity with multiple partners
• Having a compromised immune system
• Smoking cigarettes or using other tobacco products

Complications of Genital Warts

While genital warts are often benign, they can lead to complications, especially during pregnancy:

• Larger warts may cause bleeding or obstruction during childbirth
• In rare cases, newborns may develop throat warts if exposed during delivery
• Certain high-risk HPV strains associated with genital warts can increase cancer risk

How are Genital Warts Diagnosed?

Diagnosing genital warts typically involves a combination of physical examination and specialised tests:

• Your doctor will visually inspect the affected area for signs of warts
• An acetowhite test may be performed to enhance the visibility of warts
• In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis

Genital Warts Testing Methods

Genital warts are primarily diagnosed through a physical examination conducted by a doctor. To enhance the visibility of the warts, an acetowhite test may be performed, which involves applying a solution to the affected area. If warts are present internally, a pelvic examination may be necessary. In certain cases, a biopsy may be required to confirm the diagnosis and rule out any other underlying conditions.

Treatment Options for Genital Warts

Treating genital warts involves a multifaceted approach, combining medications, surgical procedures, and home remedies to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Medications

Medications are a key component in the treatment of genital warts, working to boost the immune system or directly target the wart cells.

• Imiquimod (Aldara) enhances the body’s immune response to fight the virus causing the warts.
• Podofilox (Condylox) works by stopping the division of wart cells, effectively halting their growth.
• Sinecatechins (Veregen) decrease viral replication, thus reducing the spread of the infection.

While medications offer an effective way to manage genital warts, surgical procedures provide an alternative approach for those seeking more immediate results.

Surgical Procedures

Surgical procedures offer an effective means of managing genital warts by physically removing the warts through various techniques.

• Cryotherapy involves using liquid nitrogen to freeze the warts, causing them to fall off.
• Electrosurgery uses an electric current to burn off the warts, ensuring precise removal.
• Excision involves surgically cutting out the warts, which is particularly useful for larger or more persistent growths.

Although surgical procedures can provide quick results, some individuals may prefer to explore home remedies as a complementary approach to their treatment plan.

Home Remedies for Genital Warts

Home remedies, while less researched than medical treatments, can complement the overall management of genital warts, often incorporating natural elements.

• Tea tree oil, known for its potential antiviral properties, may help in reducing the severity of warts.
• Castor oil is often used for its soothing effects on the skin, which can help alleviate discomfort associated with warts.
• Garlic, with its purported antiviral benefits, may be applied topically to the affected area in an effort to reduce wart growth.

It is important to note that while home remedies may offer some relief, they should not be considered a substitute for proper medical care. When seeking over-the-counter treatments for genital warts, it is crucial to exercise caution and consult with a doctor.

Best OTC Treatments for Warts

Over-the-counter (OTC) treatments are generally not recommended for genital warts, as they may prove ineffective for this specific type of wart. It is always best to consult with a doctor for proper management and treatment of genital warts.

1. Allen Dewarts Cream

Allen Dewarts Cream utilises a combination of thuja and other herbal extracts, which have been traditionally believed to aid in the removal of warts. The cream is applied directly to the affected area, with the aim of reducing the appearance and size of the warts over time.

Allen Dewarts Cream 25gm

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2. Germans Thuja Anti Warts Cream

Germans Thuja Anti Warts Cream features thuja occidentalis as its primary ingredient, an herb with purported antiviral properties. By applying the cream to the warts, the active ingredients work to combat the virus responsible for their growth, potentially leading to a reduction in size and number.

Germans Thuja Anti Warts Cream 25 GM

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3. V Wart Vanishes Warts And Corns Remover Liquid

V Wart Vanishes Warts And Corns Remover Liquid contains salicylic acid, a compound known for its ability to dissolve the keratin proteins that make up the structure of warts. By breaking down these proteins, the liquid aims to gradually remove the warts, leaving the skin smoother and clearer.

V Wart Vanishes Warts And Corns Remover Liquid 3ml

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How to Prevent Genital Warts

Preventing genital warts is possible through a combination of strategies:

• Get vaccinated against HPV, which protects against the types that cause most genital warts and certain cancers.
• Always use condoms during sexual activities to reduce the risk of transmission.
• Practice safe sex by avoiding sharing sex toys and ensuring they are cleaned or covered with a new condom if shared.
• Undergo regular STI checks to detect infections early on.

While these measures can significantly lower your risk, it’s important to know when to seek medical advice if you suspect you may have genital warts.

When to Contact a Doctor

If you notice any unusual growths or sores in your genital area, it’s crucial to contact a doctor, as these could be symptoms of genital warts. Additionally, if your symptoms persist or worsen despite treatment, seek medical advice promptly. Your doctor can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend the most appropriate course of action based on your individual situation.

Conclusion

Genital warts, a common sexually transmitted infection caused by HPV, can be prevented through measures such as getting the HPV vaccine and practicing safe sex. If you do develop genital warts, various treatment options are available, including medications and procedures to remove visible warts. However, it’s important to remember that while these treatments can manage the symptoms, they do not eliminate the underlying viral infection.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441884/
• https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3390234/
• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21645515.2018.1445947
• https://jurolsurgery.org/articles/the-effectiveness-of-genital-wart-treatments/doi/jus.galenos.2023.2023-6-8
• https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2724027
• https://sti.bmj.com/content/87/6/458